Glycolic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid that exfoliates the skin. This 7% formula offers a gentle and gentle exfoliation for radiance and improved skin tone. The formula also improves the visual appearance of skin texture with continued use. This formula contains a Tasmanian pepper derivative to help reduce irritation that can occur with acid use. This derivative is of plant origin and varies in color with the seasons, so the color of the formula may vary from batch to batch. The formula also contains ginseng root and aloe vera which have soothing properties and provide immediate radiance to the skin. The pH of this formula is approximately 3.6. Glycolic acid has a pKa of 3.6. pKa is the most important aspect to consider when formulating with acids, as pKa indicates the availability of the acid. When pKa is close to pH, there is an ideal balance between salt and acidity that maximizes the effect of the acid and reduces the risk of skin irritation.